First, they provide unprecedented spatial resolution, low noise, and high precision of the reconstructed images, since both phase and amplitude information of the wavefront can be recorded in ultrathin and ultra-small holograms. Metasurfaces have emerged as promising alternatives for shaping wavefronts of light, and have recently been designed to realize versatile functionalities, including ultrathin planar lenses 3, 4, 5, 6, optical vortex beam generations 7, 8, spin Hall effects of lights 9, 10, and metasurface holograms.Ĭompared with the conventional holograms, metasurface holograms have featured two major advantages. Metasurfaces, ultrathin planar surfaces made of subwavelength metallic or dielectric elements, have shown the capability to arbitrarily manipulate the propagation and scattering of electromagnetic (EM) waves. Their phase modulations rely on the light propagation over long distances inside the material in order to achieve the desired phase accumulation for wavefront shaping, resulting in large size of unit cells and large thickness of the phase holograms comparable to the wavelength.
However, most of the conventional holograms have either low resolutions or limited image quality. As a revolutionary three-dimensional imaging technique holography has attracted tremendous attention due to various applications in display, security, data storage, etc. Computer-generated holograms 2 are diffractive optical elements that encode the holographic information of object pattern calculated by computer. Holography is one of the most promising imaging techniques for recording the amplitude and phase information of light to reconstruct the image of objects 1. The proposed reprogrammable hologram may be a key in enabling future intelligent devices with reconfigurable and programmable functionalities that may lead to advances in a variety of applications such as microscopy, display, security, data storage, and information processing. Our proof-of-concept experiments show that multiple desired holographic images can be realized in real time with only a single coding metasurface. The state of each unit cell of the coding metasurface can be switched between ‘1’ and ‘0’ by electrically controlling the loaded diodes. Here, we try to tackle this challenge by introducing the concept of a reprogrammable hologram based on 1-bit coding metasurfaces.
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Despite the rapid progress in this area, simultaneous realization of reconfigurability, high efficiency, and full control over the phase and amplitude of scattered light is posing a great challenge. Metasurfaces have enabled a plethora of emerging functions within an ultrathin dimension, paving way towards flat and highly integrated photonic devices.
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